Primotrapa gen. nov., an extinct transitional genus bridging the evolutionary gap between Lythraceae and Trapoideae, from the early Miocene of North China

doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01697-2

	Primotrapa gen. nov., an extinct transitional genus bridging the evolutionary gap between Lythraceae and Trapoideae, from the early Miocene of North China
	Li, Ya ; Cui, Yi-Ming ; Gee, Carole T.; Liang, Xiao-Qing ; Li, Cheng-Sen
	2020
发表期刊	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
ISSN	1471-2148
卷号	20 期号:1
摘要	Background Although Trapa is a well-defined genus of distinctive freshwater plants with accumulations of extensive morphological and embryological autapomorphies, its phylogenetic relationships have long been unclear. Formerly placed in the monotypic family Trapaceae, Trapa is now recognized as sister to Sonneratia within Lythraceae s.l., although both genera lack morphological synapomorphies. Thus, a split between the two taxa must have occurred in deep evolutionary time, which raises the possibility of finding transitional forms in the fossil record. Results Here we describe a new genus and species, Primotrapa weichangensis Y. Li et C.-S. Li (Lythraceae s.l.: Trapoideae), based on three-dimensionally preserved floral cups, fruits, and seeds from the early Miocene of Weichang County, Hebei Province, China. Primotrapa is characterized by a shallow, saucer-shaped floral cup, four distally barbellate sepals, four intersepal appendages alternating with the sepals at the rim of cup, a superior to basally inferior ovary, a fusiform or ovoid, one-seeded fruit with a ribbed surface, and a long persistent peduncle. Two fossil species of Hemitrapa are proposed as new combinations of Primotrapa, namely P. alpina (T. Su et Z.-K. Zhou) Y. Li et C.-S. Li comb. nov. and P. pomelii (Boulay) Y. Li et C.-S. Li comb. nov. Our phylogenetic analysis based on fifteen flower and fruit characters supports the placement of Primotrapa, Hemitrapa and Trapa in a monophyletic clade, which comprise subfamily Trapoideae. The phylogenetic analysis places Primotrapa at the base of Trapoideae. Conclusions In view of its superior ovary, which is a plesiomorphic character of Lythraceae s.l., the newly recognized genus Primotrapa and its three species likely represent transitional forms that bridge the evolutionary gap between the basal taxa of Lythraceae s.l., i.e. Lythrum, and the highly derived taxon Trapa.
关键词	Water caltrop Freshwater macrophyte Extinct aquatic plant Primotrapa Trapa Hemitrapa Lythraceae Miocene Hebei Province China
学科领域	Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
DOI	10.1186/s12862-020-01697-2
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	WEICHANG ; TRAPACEAE ; POLLEN ; OLIGOCENE ; HISTORY
WOS研究方向	Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
WOS记录号	WOS:000590864100001
出版者	BMC
文献子类	Article
出版地	LONDON
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41502017, 31760057] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences [XDB26000000] ; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences [20172106]
作者邮箱	yali@nigpas.ac.cn ; lics@ibcas.ac.cn
作品OA属性	Green Published, gold
引用统计	被引频次：7[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/21517
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.[Li, Ya 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Palaeobiol & Stratig, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 5.[Gee, Carole T.] Univ Bonn, Inst Geosci, Div Paleontol, Nussallee 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany 6.[Gee, Carole T.] Huntington Bot Gardens, 1151 Oxford Rd, San Marino, CA 92208 USA 7.Yuxi Normal Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Sci, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li, Ya,Cui, Yi-Ming,Gee, Carole T.,et al. Primotrapa gen. nov., an extinct transitional genus bridging the evolutionary gap between Lythraceae and Trapoideae, from the early Miocene of North China[J]. BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY,2020,20(1).
APA	Li, Ya,Cui, Yi-Ming,Gee, Carole T.,Liang, Xiao-Qing,&Li, Cheng-Sen.(2020).Primotrapa gen. nov., an extinct transitional genus bridging the evolutionary gap between Lythraceae and Trapoideae, from the early Miocene of North China.BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY,20(1).
MLA	Li, Ya,et al."Primotrapa gen. nov., an extinct transitional genus bridging the evolutionary gap between Lythraceae and Trapoideae, from the early Miocene of North China".BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 20.1(2020).

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
Li-2020-Primotrapa g（4007KB）	期刊论文	出版稿	开放获取	CC BY-NC-SA	浏览请求全文