Plant-arthropod associations from the Siwalik forests (middle Miocene) of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, India

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.019

	Plant-arthropod associations from the Siwalik forests (middle Miocene) of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, India
	Khan, Mahasin Ali ; Bera, Subir ; Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E. V.
	2015
发表期刊	PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
ISSN	0031-0182
卷号	438 页码:191-202
摘要	Fossil leaves from the Siwalik sedimentary rocks of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, evidence a variety of plant-insect interactions that operated during the evolution of monsoon-influenced forests from middle Miocene times. We assessed the diversity and frequency of insect herbivory on 137 specimens representing the Darjeeling lower Siwalik flora (DLSF). We also examined the percent of leaf area removed by herbivory as an independent measure of the effect of insect herbivore removal of host plant photosynthetic tissue. Five functional feeding groups (FFGs) are identified in this study namely leaf mining, hole feeding, skeletonizing, galling and margin feeding. These traces indicate that insects interacted with the plants for various purposes, including feeding, egg laying and sheltering. Furthermore, these morphotraces tend to suggest similarities in insect interactions with leaves of extant plant species such as Persea, Woodfordia, Shorea, Artocarpus, Callicarpa, Albizia, Lagerstroemia etc. On the basis of comparison with extant taxa, possible leaf feeders could have belonged to the insect orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. Although the morphology of the phytophagous insects associated with the fossil leaves is unknown, present findings reveal that many modern plant-insect relationships were established by the Miocene time and continue to the present, shaping both the present day flora and fauna. In the present study we compare insect herbivory at DLSF to that of our previously investigated Arunachal lower Siwalik flora and two younger floras from that area. We note a similar range of FFGs and damage types observed among these four fossil floras and conclude that compared to biotic factors climate had little influence in determining the evolution of plant-insect interactions in the eastern Himalayan region. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词	Plant insect interactions Siwalik Darjeeling Functional feeding groups (FFGs) Middle Miocene
学科领域	Geography, Physical ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Paleontology
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.019
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	INSECT FOLIVORY ; FOSSIL EVIDENCE ; DIVERSITY ; SEDIMENTS ; HISTORY
WOS研究方向	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000362613300016
出版者	ELSEVIER
文献子类	Article
出版地	AMSTERDAM
EISSN	1872-616X
资助机构	Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi [SR/S4/ES-67/2003]
作者邮箱	berasubir@yahoo.co.in
引用统计	被引频次：12[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/25683
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Univ Calcutta, Dept Bot, Ctr Adv Study, Kolkata 700019, India 2.Spicer, Robert A.] Open Univ, Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Ctr Earth Planetary Space & Astron Res, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England 3.Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E. V.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Khan, Mahasin Ali,Bera, Subir,Spicer, Robert A.,et al. Plant-arthropod associations from the Siwalik forests (middle Miocene) of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, India[J]. PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY,2015,438:191-202.
APA	Khan, Mahasin Ali,Bera, Subir,Spicer, Robert A.,&Spicer, Teresa E. V..(2015).Plant-arthropod associations from the Siwalik forests (middle Miocene) of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, India.PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY,438,191-202.
MLA	Khan, Mahasin Ali,et al."Plant-arthropod associations from the Siwalik forests (middle Miocene) of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, India".PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY 438(2015):191-202.

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