Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morphology with a test of morphology-based hypotheses

doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0540-3

	Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morphology with a test of morphology-based hypotheses
	Qiu, Zhi-Jing ; Lu, Yuan-Xue ; Li, Chao-Qun ; Dong, Yang; Smith, James F.; Wang, Yin-Zheng
	2015
发表期刊	BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
ISSN	1471-2229
卷号	15
摘要	Background: Petrocosmea Oliver (Gesneriaceae) currently comprises 38 species with four non-nominate varieties, nearly all of which have been described solely from herbarium specimens. However, the dried specimens have obscured the full range of extremely diverse morphological variation that exists in the genus and has resulted in a poor subgeneric classification system that does not reflect the evolutionary history of this group. It is important to develop innovative methods to find new morphological traits and reexamine and reevaluate the traditionally used morphological data based on new hypothesis. In addition, Petrocosmea is a mid-sized genus but exhibits extreme diverse floral variants. This makes the genus of particular interest in addressing the question whether there are any key factors that is specifically associated with their evolution and diversification. Results: Here we present the first phylogenetic analyses of the genus based on dense taxonomic sampling and multiple genes combined with a comprehensive morphological investigation. Maximum-parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of molecular data from two nuclear DNA and six cpDNA regions support the monophyly of Petrocosmea and recover five major clades within the genus, which is strongly corroborated by the reconstruction of ancestral states for twelve new morphological characters directly observed from living material. Ancestral area reconstruction shows that its most common ancestor was likely located east and southeast of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau. The origin of Petrocosmea from a potentially Raphiocarpus-like ancestor might have involved a series of morphological modifications from caulescent to acaulescent habit as well as from a tetrandrous flower with a long corolla-tube to a diandrous flower with a short corolla-tube, also evident in the vestigial caulescent habit and transitional floral form in clade A that is sister to the remainder of the genus. Among the five clades in Petrocosmea, the patterns of floral morphological differentiation are consistent with discontinuous lineage-associated morphotypes as a repeated adaptive response to alternative environments. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the lineage-specific morphological differentiations reflected in the upper lip, a functional organ for insect pollination, are likely adaptive responses to pollinator shifts. We further recognize that the floral morphological diversification in Petrocosmea involves several evolutionary phenomena, i.e. evolutionary successive specialization, reversals, parallel evolution, and convergent evolution, which are probably associated with adaptation to pollination against the background of heterogeneous abiotic and biotic environments in the eastern wing regions of Himalaya-Tibetan plateau.
关键词	DNA sequence Evolution Floral morphology Gesneriaceae Himalaya-Tibetan plateau Petrocosmea
学科领域	Plant Sciences
DOI	10.1186/s12870-015-0540-3
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	DISPERSAL-VICARIANCE ANALYSIS ; NONCODING REGIONS ; MOLECULAR-DATA ; CLADE GENES ; PHYLOGENY ; DIVERSIFICATION ; SYMMETRY ; RECONSTRUCTION ; BIOGEOGRAPHY ; MAINTENANCE
WOS研究方向	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000357259100001
出版者	BMC
文献子类	Article
出版地	LONDON
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of China [31170198, 31200159, 31470333]
作者邮箱	wangyz@ibcas.ac.cn
作品OA属性	Green Published, gold
引用统计	被引频次：18[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/26009
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.[Qiu, Zhi-Jing 2.Li, Chao-Qun 3.Dong, Yang 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China 5.Shenzhen & Chinese Acad Sci, Fairylake Bot Garden, Key Lab Southern Subtrop Plant Div, Shenzhen 518004, Peoples R China 6.Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China 7.[Smith, James F.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Qiu, Zhi-Jing,Lu, Yuan-Xue,Li, Chao-Qun,et al. Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morphology with a test of morphology-based hypotheses[J]. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY,2015,15.
APA	Qiu, Zhi-Jing,Lu, Yuan-Xue,Li, Chao-Qun,Dong, Yang,Smith, James F.,&Wang, Yin-Zheng.(2015).Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morphology with a test of morphology-based hypotheses.BMC PLANT BIOLOGY,15.
MLA	Qiu, Zhi-Jing,et al."Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morphology with a test of morphology-based hypotheses".BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 15(2015).

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