Interactions between all pairs of neighboring trees in 16 forests worldwide reveal details of unique ecological processes in each forest, and provide windows into their evolutionary histories

doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008853

	Interactions between all pairs of neighboring trees in 16 forests worldwide reveal details of unique ecological processes in each forest, and provide windows into their evolutionary histories
	Wills, Christopher ; Wang, Bin 1; Fang, Shuai 2; Wang, Yunquan 3,4; Jin, Yi 5; Lutz, James 6; Thompson, Jill 7; Harms, Kyle E.; Pulla, Sandeep ; Pasion, Bonifacio 11; Germain, Sara 6; Liu, Heming 12; Smokey, Joseph 13; Su, Sheng-Hsin ; Butt, Nathalie 15,16; Chu, Chengjin 17,18; Chuyong, George 19; Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao ; Dattaraja, H. S.; Davies, Stuart 21; Ediriweera, Sisira 22; Esufali, Shameema 23; Fletcher, Christine Dawn ; Gunatilleke, Nimal 25; Gunatilleke, Savi 25; Hsieh, Chang-Fu ; He, Fangliang 17,18; Hubbell, Stephen 27; Hao, Zhanqing 2; Itoh, Akira 28; Kenfack, David 29; Li, Buhang 17,18; Li, Xiankun 1; Ma, Keping4 ; Morecroft, Michael 30; Mi, Xiangcheng 4; Malhi, Yadvinder 31; Ong, Perry 32; Rodriguez, Lillian Jennifer 32; Suresh, H. S.; Sun, I. Fang ; Sukumar, Raman 9; Tan, Sylvester 35; Thomas, Duncan 36; Uriarte, Maria 37; Wang, Xihua 12; Wang, Xugao 2; Yao, T. L.; Zimmermann, Jess 38
	2021
发表期刊	PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
ISSN	1553-734X
卷号	17 期号:4
摘要	Author summary Worldwide, ecosystems are collapsing or in danger of collapse, but the precise causes of these collapses are often unknown. Observational and experimental evidence shows that all ecosystems are characterized by strong interactions between and among species, and that these webs of interactions can be important contributors to the preservation of ecosystem diversity. But many of the interactions-such as those involving pathogenic microorganisms and the chemical defenses that are mounted by their prey-are not easily identified and analyzed in ecosystems that may have hundreds or thousands of species. Here we use our equal-area-annulus analytical method to examine census data from over three million trees in forest plots from around the world. We show how the method can be used to flag pairs and groups of species that exhibit unusual levels of interaction and that are likely on further investigation to yield information about their causative mechanisms. We give a detailed example showing how some of these interactions can be traced to defense mechanisms that are possessed by one of the tree species. We explore how our method can be used to identify the between-species interactions that play the largest roles in the maintenance of ecosystems and their diversity. When Darwin visited the Galapagos archipelago, he observed that, in spite of the islands' physical similarity, members of species that had dispersed to them recently were beginning to diverge from each other. He postulated that these divergences must have resulted primarily from interactions with sets of other species that had also diverged across these otherwise similar islands. By extrapolation, if Darwin is correct, such complex interactions must be driving species divergences across all ecosystems. However, many current general ecological theories that predict observed distributions of species in ecosystems do not take the details of between-species interactions into account. Here we quantify, in sixteen forest diversity plots (FDPs) worldwide, highly significant negative density-dependent (NDD) components of both conspecific and heterospecific between-tree interactions that affect the trees' distributions, growth, recruitment, and mortality. These interactions decline smoothly in significance with increasing physical distance between trees. They also tend to decline in significance with increasing phylogenetic distance between the trees, but each FDP exhibits its own unique pattern of exceptions to this overall decline. Unique patterns of between-species interactions in ecosystems, of the general type that Darwin postulated, are likely to have contributed to the exceptions. We test the power of our null-model method by using a deliberately modified data set, and show that the method easily identifies the modifications. We examine how some of the exceptions, at the Wind River (USA) FDP, reveal new details of a known allelopathic effect of one of the Wind River gymnosperm species. Finally, we explore how similar analyses can be used to investigate details of many types of interactions in these complex ecosystems, and can provide clues to the evolution of these interactions.
学科领域	Biochemical Research Methods ; Mathematical & Computational Biology
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008853
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	NEGATIVE DENSITY-DEPENDENCE ; PROCESSES MAINTAIN DIVERSITY ; PLANT DIVERSITY ; NONRANDOM ; HERBIVORES ; MORTALITY ; ABUNDANCE ; PATHOGENS ; SURVIVAL ; DRIVERS
WOS研究方向	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000645433300001
出版者	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
文献子类	Article
出版地	SAN FRANCISCO
EISSN	1553-7358
作者邮箱	cwills@ucsd.edu
作品OA属性	Green Accepted, Green Published, gold
引用统计	被引频次：1[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/26559
专题	植被与环境变化国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA 2.Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg & Chinese Acad Sci, Guangxi Inst Bot, Guangxi Key Lab Plant Conservat & Restorat Ecol K, Guilin, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Key Lab Forest Ecol & Management, Shenyang, Peoples R China 4.Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua, Zhejiang, Peoples R China 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing, Peoples R China 6.Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou, Peoples R China 7.Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA 8.Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland 9.Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA 10.Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bengaluru, India 11.Pulla, Sandeep; Dattaraja, H. S.] Natl Ctr Biol Sci, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India 12.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Integrat Conservat, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla, Yunnan, Peoples R China 13.East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosyst Natl Observat &, Shanghai, Peoples R China 14.Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF, Canada 15.Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei, Taiwan 16.Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England 17.Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia 18.Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Dept Ecol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China 19.Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou, Peoples R China 20.Univ Buea, Dept Bot & Plant Physiol, Buea, Cameroon 21.Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 22.Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA 23.Uva Wellassa Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Badulla, Sri Lanka 24.Univ Peradeniya, Dept Bot, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 25.Fletcher, Christine Dawn; Yao, T. L.] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong Selangor, Malaysia 26.Univ Peradeniya, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 27.Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan 28.Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA 29.Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka, Japan 30.Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci Forest Global Earth Observ CT, NMNH MRC, Washington, DC USA 31.Nat England Mail Hub, Cty Hall, Worcester, England 32.Univ Oxford, Oxford Univ Ctr Environm, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England 33.Univ Philippines Diliman, Coll Sci, Inst Biol, Quezon City, Philippines 34.Suresh, H. S.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bengaluru, India 35.Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Studies, Hualien, Taiwan 36.Bangunan Wisma Sumber Alam, Forest Dept Sarawak, Jalan Stadium, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia 37.Washington State Univ, Dept Biol, Vancouver, WA USA 38.Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA 39.Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wills, Christopher,Wang, Bin,Fang, Shuai,et al. Interactions between all pairs of neighboring trees in 16 forests worldwide reveal details of unique ecological processes in each forest, and provide windows into their evolutionary histories[J]. PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY,2021,17(4).
APA	Wills, Christopher.,Wang, Bin.,Fang, Shuai.,Wang, Yunquan.,Jin, Yi.,...&Zimmermann, Jess.(2021).Interactions between all pairs of neighboring trees in 16 forests worldwide reveal details of unique ecological processes in each forest, and provide windows into their evolutionary histories.PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY,17(4).
MLA	Wills, Christopher,et al."Interactions between all pairs of neighboring trees in 16 forests worldwide reveal details of unique ecological processes in each forest, and provide windows into their evolutionary histories".PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 17.4(2021).

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