Seedling emergence and environmental filters determine Ficus recruitment in a subtropical landscape

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119536

	Seedling emergence and environmental filters determine Ficus recruitment in a subtropical landscape
	Castillo-Diaz, Diana ; Chen, Huayang 2,3; Harrison, Rhett D.; Wen, Bin 5; Goodale, Uromi Manage 1,2
	2021
发表期刊	FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	497
摘要	Early regeneration, involving the transition from a seed into a successfully recruited seedling, is a complex process characterized by high mortality rates and the strong association with environmental filters. However, we have limited understanding of the factors and transitional regeneration stages that lead to these broad mortality events, even in species that are key for ecosystem function and comprise the bulk of species in diversity as-sessments, such as Ficus species. Using eight, 1-ha long term monitoring plots, established along an elevation gradient in tropical to subtropical forests in southern China, and partitioning the early plant regeneration process into four stages (seed germination, seedling emergence, establishment and recruitment), we conducted a seed addition experiment to assess the factors driving the early regeneration process. We used four hemi-epiphytic and four non-hemiepiphytic Ficus species, specifically asking whether elevation, microsite conditions and growth form affect the success of regeneration outcomes. We observed that Ficus early regeneration was highly limited throughout the subtropical landscape with similar seed germination probabilities along all elevations, but greater seedling emergence at higher elevations. Growth form and elevation interacted significantly during seed germination and seedling emergence stages. The strongest filtering effect was observed during seedling emer-gence, with greater canopy openness facilitating, but drier and cooler soils being less conducive to seedling emergence, especially for hemiepiphytic species. Once emerged, Ficus seedlings were released from the envi-ronmental filters assessed here, yet, continued to face successively greater mortality during establishment and recruitment. Greater seed germination and seedling emergence on the ground observed in hemiepiphytes indi-cate that they may benefit from evolutionary traits associated with canopy regeneration under water and tem-perature stress, but only at the early regeneration stages, as seedling establishment and recruitment were similar in both groups. In general, our results demonstrate that even when seeds are available, successful recruitment is strongly limited by microsite conditions and growth form, through filtering mechanisms associated with the transition from seedling emergence to seedling establishment. The identification of environmental filters that operate during the complex and vulnerable early regeneration stages provides a baseline to develop management strategies for ex situ conservation, as well as in situ population reestablishment for restoration.
关键词	Seed germination Seedling emergence Seedling establishment Seedling recruitment Canopy openness Regeneration niche Soil conditions Elevation gradient
学科领域	Forestry
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119536
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	HEMI-EPIPHYTIC FIGS ; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT ; GROWTH FORM ; SPECIES-RICHNESS ; SOUTHERN YUNNAN ; CLIMATE-CHANGE ; GERMINATION ; RAIN ; DISPERSAL ; REGENERATION
WOS研究方向	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000684974200005
出版者	ELSEVIER
文献子类	Article
出版地	AMSTERDAM
EISSN	1872-7042
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of China [31660125] ; Guangxi Overseas High-level Talent Hundred People Program ; Bagui Scholarship [C33600992001] ; Ashton Award for Student Research from the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
作者邮箱	dianacastillodiaz@outlook.com ; hychen.gxu@outlook.com ; R.Harrison@cgiar.org ; wenb@xtbg.org.cn ; uromi.manage.goodale@outlook.com
引用统计	被引频次：3[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/26599
专题	植被与环境变化国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Guangxi Univ, Coll Forestry, Guangxi Key Lab Forest Ecol & Conservat, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China 2.Guangxi Univ, Coll Forestry, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobi, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China 3.Int Union Conservat Nat, Species Survival Commiss, Seed Conservat Specialist Grp, CH-281196 Gland, Switzerland 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China 5.Harrison, Rhett D.] East & Southern Africa Reg Off, World Agroforestry ICRAF, Lusaka, Zambia 6.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Integrat Conservat, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Castillo-Diaz, Diana,Chen, Huayang,Harrison, Rhett D.,et al. Seedling emergence and environmental filters determine Ficus recruitment in a subtropical landscape[J]. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,2021,497.
APA	Castillo-Diaz, Diana,Chen, Huayang,Harrison, Rhett D.,Wen, Bin,&Goodale, Uromi Manage.(2021).Seedling emergence and environmental filters determine Ficus recruitment in a subtropical landscape.FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,497.
MLA	Castillo-Diaz, Diana,et al."Seedling emergence and environmental filters determine Ficus recruitment in a subtropical landscape".FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 497(2021).

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