Gibberellins are required for dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110749

	Gibberellins are required for dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica
	Li, Qiaoxia ; Li, Jigang ; Zhang, Li ; Pan, Chaochao ; Yang, Ning ; Sun, Kun ; He, Chaoying1,2
	2021
发表期刊	PLANT SCIENCE
ISSN	0168-9452
卷号	303
摘要	Photoperiod is a major determinant of chasmogamous (CH)-cleistogamous (CL) dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica, and only long-day (LD) conditions induce CL flowers. In this study, it was found that the active gibberellin (GA) content in CL floral buds was higher than in CH floral buds formed under short-day (SD) conditions, suggesting that the biosynthesis of active GAs is enhanced by a longer photoperiod and may be associated with dimorphic flower development. Thus, the next step was to molecularly characterize the key V. philippica GA synthesis genes GA 20-oxidase (VpGA20ox) and GA 3-oxidase (VpGA3ox). In terms of the expression of VpGA20ox and VpGA3ox, it was found that the active GAs could be upregulated in developing pistils under both LD and SD conditions to develop functional pistils, and GAs could also accumulate in the stamens under SD conditions. The anthers and the adjacent petals were well developed under SD conditions. In contrast, the above-mentioned floral organs displayed low GA contents under LD conditions and were poorly developed. Although the application of paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA synthesis, did not reverse CL development under LD conditions, exogenous GAs could partially trigger the transition from CH to CL flowers under relative SD conditions (<= 12 h daylight). This was coupled with the downregulation of B-class MADS-box genes, thereby restraining stamen and petal development. Both VpGA20ox and VpGA3ox exhibited similar expression profiles with B-class MADS-box genes in the development of the stamens and petals. Therefore, in response to photoperiod, GA signaling could affect the expression of B-class homeotic genes and regulate dimorphic flower development in Viola. As a compensation for poorly-developed nectaries, anthers, and petals, filament elongation, style shortness, and inward bending could ensure self-pollination in CL flowers. This work provides new insights into the regulation of CH-CL floral development and the evolutionary significance of the formation of dimorphic flowers.
关键词	Dimorphic flower Floral development Gibberellins MADS-box gene Photoperiod Viola philippica
学科领域	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ; Plant Sciences
DOI	10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110749
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH ; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA ; LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM ; BIOACTIVE GIBBERELLIN ; ABSCISIC-ACID ; STEM GROWTH ; PHOTOPERIOD ; GENES ; EXPRESSION ; METABOLISM
WOS研究方向	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000614154500005
出版者	ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
文献子类	Article
出版地	CLARE
EISSN	1873-2259
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of China [31800188, 31930007, 31560066]
作者邮箱	liqiaoxia8024@163.com ; kunsun@nwnu.edu.cn ; chaoying@ibcas.ac.cn
引用统计	被引频次：13[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/26726
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Northwest Normal Univ, Life Sci Coll, Anning East Rd 967, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Nanxincun 20, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Yuquan Rd 19A, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li, Qiaoxia,Li, Jigang,Zhang, Li,et al. Gibberellins are required for dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica[J]. PLANT SCIENCE,2021,303.
APA	Li, Qiaoxia.,Li, Jigang.,Zhang, Li.,Pan, Chaochao.,Yang, Ning.,...&He, Chaoying.(2021).Gibberellins are required for dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica.PLANT SCIENCE,303.
MLA	Li, Qiaoxia,et al."Gibberellins are required for dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica".PLANT SCIENCE 303(2021).

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