Leaves and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China and their biogeographic implications

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-88

	Leaves and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China and their biogeographic implications
	Wang, Qi ; Song, Zhuqiu 1; Chen, Yunfa 1; Shen, Si ; Li, Zhenyu
	2014
发表期刊	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
ISSN	1471-2148
卷号	14
摘要	Background: The pantropical genus Bauhinia, along with the northern temperate Cercis and several tropical genera, bear bilobate, bifoliolate, or sometimes unifoliolate leaves, which constitute the tribe Cercideae as sister to the rest of the family Leguminosae based on molecular phylogenetics. Hence, the fossil record of Cercideae is pivotal to understand the early evolution and biogeographic history of legumes. Results: Three fossil species of Bauhinia were described from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China. Bauhinia ningmingensis sp. nov. is characterized by its bifoliolate, pulvinate leaves bearing basal acrodromous primary veins and brochidodromous secondary veins. B. cheniae sp. nov. bears moderately or deeply bilobate, pulvinate leaves, with basal actinodromous primary veins and eucamptodromous secondary veins. B. larsenii D.X. Zhang et Y.F. Chen emend. possesses shallowly or moderately bilobate, pulvinate leaves bearing basal actinodromous primary veins and brochidodromous secondary veins, as well as elliptic, stipitate, non-winged, and oligo-seeded fruits. Meanwhile, previously reported Bauhinia fossils were reviewed, and those pre-Oligocene foliage across the world are either questionable or have been rejected due to lacking of reliable evidence for their pulvini or/and basal actinodromous or acrodromous venations. Besides Oligocene leaves and fruits presented here, foliage and/or wood of Bauhinia have been documented from the Miocene-Pliocene of Thailand, India, Nepal, Uganda, and Ecuador. Conclusions: Bauhinia has exhibited a certain diversity with bifoliolate- and bilobate-leafed species in a low-latitude locality-Ningming since at least the Oligocene, implying that the tropical zone of South China may represent one of the centres for early diversification of the genus. The reliable macrofossils of Bauhinia and Cercis have made their debut in the Eocene-Oligocene floras from mid-low latitudes and appeared to lack in the coeval floras at high latitudes, implying a possible Tethys Seaway origin and spread of legumes. However, detailed scenarios for the historical biogeography of Bauhinia and its relatives still need more robust dataset from palaeobotany and molecular phylogeny in future research.
关键词	Bauhinia Bifoliolate leaf Bilobate leaf Biogeography Cercideae Cercis Eocene Evolution Fruits Legumes Leguminosae Low latitude Ningming Formation Oligocene Pulvinus Tethys Seaway origin Unifoliolate leaf
学科领域	Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
DOI	10.1186/1471-2148-14-88
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	S.L. LEGUMINOSAE ; FOSSIL LEAVES ; PHYLOGENY ; DIVERSIFICATION ; ANGIOSPERM ; SEQUENCES ; ELEMENTS ; CLIMATE ; NUCLEAR ; LEGUME
WOS研究方向	Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
WOS记录号	WOS:000335598200001
出版者	BMC
文献子类	Article
出版地	LONDON
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of China [41372029, 41162002] ; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS [56176G1044] ; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS [123106]
作者邮箱	happyking@ibcas.ac.cn ; chenyunfa@163.com ; lizy@ibcas.ac.cn
作品OA属性	gold, Green Published
引用统计	被引频次：31[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/27329
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China 2.Nat Hist Museum Guangxi, Nanning 530012, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang, Qi,Song, Zhuqiu,Chen, Yunfa,et al. Leaves and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China and their biogeographic implications[J]. BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY,2014,14.
APA	Wang, Qi,Song, Zhuqiu,Chen, Yunfa,Shen, Si,&Li, Zhenyu.(2014).Leaves and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China and their biogeographic implications.BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY,14.
MLA	Wang, Qi,et al."Leaves and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China and their biogeographic implications".BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 14(2014).

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