Peduncles elicit large-mammal endozoochory in a dry-fruited plant

doi:10.1093/aob/mct096

	Peduncles elicit large-mammal endozoochory in a dry-fruited plant
	Zhou, Youbing ; Newman, Chris ; Xie, Zongqiang; Macdonald, DavidW.
	2013
发表期刊	ANNALS OF BOTANY
ISSN	0305-7364
卷号	112 期号:1 页码:85-93
摘要	Background and Aims Plants have evolved a variety of seed dispersal mechanisms to overcome lack of mobility. Many species embed seeds in fleshy pulp to elicit endozoochory, i.e. disseminating seed through the animal gut. In contrast to well-studied fleshy fruited plants, dry-fruited plants may exploit this dispersal mutualism by producing fleshy appendages as a nutritional reward to entice animals to swallow their diaspores, but this has been little studied. In this study, it is hypothesized that these accessory fruits represent co-adaptations facilitating the syndrome of mammalian endozoochorous dispersal. Methods Field observations (focal tree watches, faecal surveys and fruiting phenology) with experimental manipulations (examination of seed germination and feeding trials) were conducted over 2 years in a native population of the raisin tree, Hovenia dulcis, which produces enlarged, twisted brown peduncles with external black seeds, in central China. Key Results Birds were not observed to swallow seeds or carry infructescences away during 190 h of focal tree watches. However, H. dulcis seeds were detected in 247 faecal samples, representative of two herbivore and four carnivore mammalian species. Feeding trials revealed that peduncles attracted mammals to consume the entire infructescence, thereby facilitating effective seed dispersal. The germination rate of egested seeds proved higher than that of unconsumed seeds. It was also noted that this mutualism was most vulnerable in degraded forest. Conclusions Hovenia dulcis peduncle sets are confirmed to adapt primarily to mammalian endozoochory, a mutualistic association similar in function to fleshy pulp or foliage. This demonstrates that plant organ systems can be adapted to unique mutualisms that utilize animal dispersal agents. Such an ecological role has until now been attributed only to bird epizoochory. Future studies should consider more widely the putative role of peduncle sets and mammalian endozoochory as a dispersal mechanism, particularly for those plants that possess relatively large accessory fruits.
关键词	Animal dispersal agent diaspore set dry-fruited plant endozoochory epizoochory fleshy peduncle Hovenia dulcis mutualism seed dispersal
学科领域	Plant Sciences
DOI	10.1093/aob/mct096
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS关键词	SEED DISPERSAL ; MELOGALE-MOSCHATA ; ACTIVITY PATTERNS ; SMALL CARNIVORE ; FERRET-BADGER ; PALM CIVETS ; FRUGIVORY ; HERBIVORES ; PREDATION ; MUTUALISM
WOS研究方向	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000321742900007
出版者	OXFORD UNIV PRESS
文献子类	Article
出版地	OXFORD
EISSN	1095-8290
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)) ; Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden
作者邮箱	Zhou, Youbing/S-6079-2019
作品OA属性	Green Published, Green Accepted, Bronze
引用统计	被引频次：25[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/27899
专题	植被与环境变化国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China 2.Zhou, Youbing; Newman, Chris; Macdonald, DavidW.] Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Dept Zool, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhou, Youbing,Newman, Chris,Xie, Zongqiang,et al. Peduncles elicit large-mammal endozoochory in a dry-fruited plant[J]. ANNALS OF BOTANY,2013,112(1):85-93.
APA	Zhou, Youbing,Newman, Chris,Xie, Zongqiang,&Macdonald, DavidW..(2013).Peduncles elicit large-mammal endozoochory in a dry-fruited plant.ANNALS OF BOTANY,112(1),85-93.
MLA	Zhou, Youbing,et al."Peduncles elicit large-mammal endozoochory in a dry-fruited plant".ANNALS OF BOTANY 112.1(2013):85-93.

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